Summary: LysE type translocator
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This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Homoserine/threonine resistance transporter". More...
Homoserine/threonine resistance transporter Edit Wikipedia article
The Resistance to Homoserine/Threonine (RhtB) Family (TC# 2.A.76) belongs to the Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily of transporters. About 100 sequenced proteins, derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as archaea, comprise the RhtB family, but few of these proteins are functionally characterized (Vrljic et al., 1999). E. coli possesses five paralogues, and a large region of one of them (YahN of E. coli) exhibits significant sequence similiarity to YggA of E. coli, an established member of the LysE family (TC #2.A.75). The PSI-BLAST program groups the LysE family (TC# 2.A.75), the RhtB family and the CadD family (TC #2.A.77) together. These proteins are all of about the same size and apparent topology, further suggesting a common evolutionary origin. A representative list of proteins belonging to the RhtB family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
The first two members of the RhtB family to be characterized functionally were the RhtB and RhtC permeases of E. coli (Aleshin et al., 1999; Zakataeva et al., 1999). YfiK of E. coli exports cysteine, O-acetylserine and azaserine (Franke et al., 2003). The YeaS (LeuE) homologue exports leucine and several other neutral, hydrophobic amino acids (Kutukova et al., 2005). Aleshin et al. (1999) present a partial alignment of recognized bacterial and archael members of the RhtB and LysE families, but not the CadD family. Vrljic et al. (1999) present phylogenetic trees for all three families of the LysE superfamily (LysE, RhtB and CadD).
The transport reaction presumably catalyzed by members of the RhtB family is:
amino acid (in) + nH+ (out) ⇌ amino acid (out) + nH+ (in)
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This is the Wikipedia entry entitled "Lysine exporter". More...
Lysine exporter Edit Wikipedia article
The Lysine Exporter (LysE) Superfamily of integral membrane transport proteins is based on the discovery of the LysE carrier protein of Corynebacterium glutamicum (TC# 2.A.75.1.1), a Gram-positive bacteria, and its phylogenetically related counterparts.
Function
LysE in Corynebacterium glutamicum exhibits the unique function of exporting L-Lysine to therefore regulate the internal cellular concentration of this amino acid. L-lysine export is essential in environments containing peptides: in the presence of low concentrations of lysine-containing peptides and upon deletion of the export carrier gene lysE, exceptionally high cytoplasmic concentrations (>1M) of L-lysine build up leading to bacteriostasis.
Structure
The membrane topology of LysE, a protein of 236 amino acyl residues, has been analyzed using PhoA- and LacZ-fusions. The amino-terminal end of LysE is located in the cytoplasm whereas the carboxyterminal end is found in the periplasm. Although 6 hydrophobic domains were identified based on hydropathy analyses, only five transmembrane spanning helices appear to be present. The additional hydrophobic segment may dip into the membrane or be surface localized.
Families
The LysE family
LysE is a member of a family of proteins found, for example, in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori. This family, which we have designated the LysE family, is distantly related to two additional protein families which we have designated the YahN and CadD families. These three families, the members of which exhibit similar sizes, hydropathy profiles, and sequence motifs comprise the LysE superfamily. Functionally characterized members of the LysE superfamily export L-lysine, cadmium and possibly quarternary amines. We suggest that LysE superfamily members will prove to catalyze export of a variety of biologically important.
References
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This tab holds the annotation information that is stored in the Pfam database. As we move to using Wikipedia as our main source of annotation, the contents of this tab will be gradually replaced by the Wikipedia tab.
LysE type translocator Provide feedback
This family consists of various hypothetical proteins and an l-lysine exporter LysE P94633 from Corynebacterium glutamicum which is proposed to be the first of a novel family of translocators [1]. LysE exports l-lysine from the cell into the surrounding medium and is predicted to span the membrane six times [1]. The physiological function of the exporter is to excrete excess l-Lysine as a result of natural flux imbalances or peptide hydrolysis; and also after artificial deregulation of l-Lysine biosynthesis as used by the biotechnology. industry for the production of l-lysine [1].
Literature references
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Vrljic M, Sahm H, Eggeling L; , Mol Microbiol 1996;22:815-826.: A new type of transporter with a new type of cellular function: L- lysine export from Corynebacterium glutamicum. PUBMED:8971704 EPMC:8971704
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Aleshin VV, Zakataeva NP, Livshits VA; , Trends Biochem Sci 1999;24:133-135.: A new family of amino-acid-efflux proteins. PUBMED:10322417 EPMC:10322417
Internal database links
| SCOOP: | Colicin_V DsbD MarC MFS_1 Mntp Phage_holin_3_6 SfLAP TerC |
| Similarity to PfamA using HHSearch: | SfLAP |
External database links
| Transporter classification: | 2.A.75 |
This tab holds annotation information from the InterPro database.
InterPro entry IPR001123
A number of amino acid exporter proteins belong to this family. LeuE encodes an exporter of leucine and some other structurally unrelated amino acids [ PUBMED:16098526 ]. This family also includes threonine efflux protein RhtC [ PUBMED:10386596 ], arginine exporter protein ArgO/YggA [ PUBMED:15150242 ], as well as a number of uncharacterised proteins from a variety of sources.
Gene Ontology
The mapping between Pfam and Gene Ontology is provided by InterPro. If you use this data please cite InterPro.
| Cellular component | membrane (GO:0016020) |
| Biological process | amino acid transport (GO:0006865) |
Domain organisation
Below is a listing of the unique domain organisations or architectures in which this domain is found. More...
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Pfam Clan
This family is a member of clan LysE (CL0292), which has the following description:
This clan includes a diverse range of transporter families [1].
The clan contains the following 19 members:
BacA Cad Colicin_V DsbD DsbD_2 DUF475 DUF6044 FTR1 HupE_UreJ HupE_UreJ_2 LysE MarC Mntp NicO OFeT_1 SfLAP TauE TerC UPF0016Alignments
We store a range of different sequence alignments for families. As well as the seed alignment from which the family is built, we provide the full alignment, generated by searching the sequence database (reference proteomes) using the family HMM. We also generate alignments using four representative proteomes (RP) sets and the UniProtKB sequence database. More...
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We make a range of alignments for each Pfam-A family. You can see a description of each above. You can view these alignments in various ways but please note that some types of alignment are never generated while others may not be available for all families, most commonly because the alignments are too large to handle.
| Seed (16) |
Full (23774) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (138364) |
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| RP15 (1879) |
RP35 (9448) |
RP55 (24849) |
RP75 (50816) |
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| PP/heatmap | 1 | ||||||
1Cannot generate PP/Heatmap alignments for seeds; no PP data available
Key:
available,
not generated,
— not available.
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We make all of our alignments available in Stockholm format. You can download them here as raw, plain text files or as gzip-compressed files.
| Seed (16) |
Full (23774) |
Representative proteomes | UniProt (138364) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP15 (1879) |
RP35 (9448) |
RP55 (24849) |
RP75 (50816) |
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| Raw Stockholm | |||||||
| Gzipped | |||||||
You can also download a FASTA format file containing the full-length sequences for all sequences in the full alignment.
HMM logo
HMM logos is one way of visualising profile HMMs. Logos provide a quick overview of the properties of an HMM in a graphical form. You can see a more detailed description of HMM logos and find out how you can interpret them here. More...
Trees
This page displays the phylogenetic tree for this family's seed alignment. We use FastTree to calculate neighbour join trees with a local bootstrap based on 100 resamples (shown next to the tree nodes). FastTree calculates approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees from our seed alignment.
Note: You can also download the data file for the tree.
Curation and family details
This section shows the detailed information about the Pfam family. You can see the definitions of many of the terms in this section in the glossary and a fuller explanation of the scoring system that we use in the scores section of the help pages.
Curation
| Seed source: | Pfam-B_1537 (release 4.2) & Pfam-B_7916 (Release 8.0) |
| Previous IDs: | none |
| Type: | Family |
| Sequence Ontology: | SO:0100021 |
| Author: |
Bashton M  , Bateman A
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| Number in seed: | 16 |
| Number in full: | 23774 |
| Average length of the domain: | 189.9 aa |
| Average identity of full alignment: | 21 % |
| Average coverage of the sequence by the domain: | 91.68 % |
HMM information
| HMM build commands: |
build method: hmmbuild -o /dev/null HMM SEED
search method: hmmsearch -Z 61295632 -E 1000 --cpu 4 HMM pfamseq
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| Model details: |
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| Model length: | 193 | ||||||||||||
| Family (HMM) version: | 21 | ||||||||||||
| Download: | download the raw HMM for this family |
Species distribution
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Colour assignments
Archea
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Eukaryota
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Bacteria
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Other sequences
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Viruses
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Unclassified
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Viroids
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Unclassified sequence
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AlphaFold Structure Predictions
The list of proteins below match this family and have AlphaFold predicted structures. Click on the protein accession to view the predicted structure.
